🟨DNS

(TCP/UDP 53)

ℹ️ Introduction

Domain Name Service

TCP port 53 by default, fall back to UDP port 53 if not possible.

☑️ Checklist

• Use OSINT for DNS records

• Check forward and reverse lookups
• Test zone transfer
• Test NSEC / NSEC3
• Look for CVEs

Quick Check

whois domain.com
dig {a|txt|ns|mx} domain.com
dig {a|txt|ns|mx} domain.com @ns1.domain.com
host -t {a|txt|ns|mx} megacorpone.com
host -a megacorpone.com
host -l megacorpone.com ns1.megacorpone.com
dnsrecon -d megacorpone.com -t axfr @ns2.megacorpone.com
dnsenum domain.com
nslookup -> set type=any -> ls -d domain.com
for sub in $(cat subdomains.txt);do host $sub.domain.com|grep "has.address";done

DNS Enumeration

nslookup

run in interactive mode:

>set type=a >>> set record type A (ipv4)
> set type=ns >>> set record type NS (name server)
> server [domain] >>> find the default erver for a domain
> set type=mx >>> find mail exchanger of a domain
> set type=CNAME >>> find the cannonical name of the domain

dig

mostly used to perform a zone transfer

dig @[dns server] [domain]
dig -x [ip] >>> reverse lookup
dig axfr cronos.htb @[ip]
dig sec542.org -t any

fierce

fierce -dns [domain]

fierce -dns [domain] -wordlist [file.txt] >>> dns brute force

fierce -dns example.com -wordlist /root/tools/wordlist/SecLists/Discovery/DNS/fierce-hostlist.txt 

nmap

nmap -p 53 --script dns-brute zonetransfer.me
nmap -p 53 --script dns-brute zonetransfer.me --script-args=dns-brute.hostlist=[wordlist path]

dnsrecon

• dnsrecon -d [domain] - Displays S0A, NS, A , AAAA , MX, and SRV of the target domain

• dnsrecon -d [domain] -t rvl - Performs reverse DNS lookup for IP address or CIDR range

• dnsrecon -d [domain] -t axfr - Attempts a zone transfer of all NS record nameservers

• dnsrecon -d [domain] -t zonewalk - Performs a DNSSEC zone walk by querying for NSEC records

• dnsrecon -d [domain] -t snoop - D [dictionary file] - Scans for DNS cache snooping using a supplied dictionary file

DNSRecon can also perform subdomain brute forcing with a dictionary using the following command:

• dnsrecon -d [domain ] -t brt - D [dictionary file]

Finally DNSRecon can output the returned data to an XML file using the — xml [output file] flag or to an SQLite database using the db [output file] flag

# examples:

dnsrecon -d [domain] -n [name server if known] -r [range-optional] -t axfr
dnsrecon -d example.com -t axfr
dnsrecon -d example.com -D ~/list.txt -t brt >>> list contains prefixes for domain
dnsrecon -t brt -d example.com -n 127.0.0.1 -D wordlist.txt

dnsmap

dnsmap zonetransfer.me -w /root/tools/wordlist/SecLists/Discovery/DNS/dns-Jhaddix.txt

host

host -t ns zonetransfer.me
-t mx >>> mail server
-l [website] [domain name] >>> look for zone transfer

dnsenum

dnsenum [domain or site]
dnsenum example.com

Identifying private addresses by using dig

dig @ns3.isc-sns.info -f /tmp/paypal.txt +noall +answer | awk '{printf("%s %s\n",$5,$1);}' | grep -E '^(10\.)'

bash zone transfer

here is a simple bash script which performs a zone transfer:

#!/bin/bash
if [ -z "$1" ]; then
echo "[*] Simple Zone transfer script [*]"
echo "Usage : $0 [domain name] "
exit 0
fi
for server in $(host -t ns $1 | cut -d " " -f4); do
host -l $1 $server |grep "has address"
done

IPv6

Brute force using "AAAA" requests to gather IPv6 of the subdomains.

dnsdict6 -s -t <domain>

Bruteforce reverse DNS in usi ng IPv6 addresses

dnsrevenum6 pri.authdns.ripe.net 2001:67c:2e8::/48 #Will use the dns pri.authdns.ripe.net

NSEC / NSEC3

You can quiz name servers supporting DNSSEC to reveal valid hostnames. Scripts that automate this are dns-nsec-enum and dns-nsec3-enum

nmap -sSU -p53 --script dns-nsec-enum --script-args dns-nsec-enum.domains=paypal.com ns3.isc-sns.info

DNS Recursion DDoS

If DNS recursion is enabled, an attacker could spoof the origin on the UDP packet in order to make the DNS send the response to the victim server. An attacker could abuse ANY or DNSSEC record types as they use to have the bigger responses. The way to check if a DNS supports recursion is to query a domain name and check if the flag "ra" (recursion available) is in the response

dig google.com A @<IP>

Known Vulnerabilities

SIGRed

SIGRed - Resolving Your Way into Domain Admin: Exploiting a 17 Year-old Bug in Windows DNS Servers - Check Point ResearchCheck Point Research

Simple DNS Plus Remote DoS

Simpledns Simple Dns Plus : List of security vulnerabilities

Simple DNS Plus 5.0/4.1 - Remote Denial of ServiceExploit Database